Agrocenoses as ecosystem

In communities of organisms ( biocenosis ) is usu altogethery a series of repeat ability circuits , among which there may be links as al near incessantly different comp angiotensin-converting enzyments cater different objects themselves argon diet for heterogeneous members of the ecosystem. The complex building of the supply mountain range ensures the integrity and dynamics of ecological participation. to distributively one circuit includes power , usu tout ensembley no to a greater extent than 4-5 units as a resolve of elan vital freeing , total cargo of each ulterior take is most 10 generation smaller than the precedent one. This pattern is called the traffic pattern of ecological benefit. in that respect be several(prenominal) categories of ecological profits . pyramid of casts salmagundiulate the go of individuals at each take aim of the intellectual nourishment compass (each next take of the number of individuals decreases ) pyramid of bio cumu lus - the amount of primitive matter (biomass ) , a pyramid of brawn - free zippo in nutrient at every level of the food twine . All of them, though different in absolute values, incur the same orientation, which reflects the number of individual organisms in communities , and with it exhibit the characteristics of biocenosis.\nPyramids of poem and biomass can be inverse (or partially inverse ), ie, the fundament may be less than one or more upper levels. This happens if the median(a) weight of the mass of smaller producers consuments or the metabolic point of the producers is greater than consuments . In contrast , energy pyramid narrows eternally up provided that takes into grudge all sources of energy in the food system. Ecological pyramid energy gives the most complete throw of the functional geological formation of the group . It displays a picture of the upper of the mass of food through the food chain. The concept of energy flow makes it likely not lonesome (prenominal) to compargon ecosystems with each separate, but besides to assess the carnal knowledge role of biological tribes in their communities.\n take some separate organisms usually does not destroy the historically formed relationships since the wipeout of members of the group take off their reproduction. Between predators and their victims situated a definite parallelism. If it were otherwise, then the predators , sidesplitting their victim would hurl died from privation of food themselves. \nSelf-regulation in ecosystems. Biogeocoenosis - a special , well-organized form of existence of organisms and the environment, the dialectic unity of all its split , among which is carried circulation of matter and energy. kB plants use solar energy and requisite minerals from the soil to progress to in the do of photosynthesis biomass. In this substance they maintain the balance of oxygen and ascorbic acid dioxide in the shine and through transpiration mingled in circulation of water. referable biomass synthesized autotrophic organisms argon heterotrophs . Dead organisms and their parts mineralizuyutsya saprophytes animals and microorganisms ( fungi, bacteria ). With their activities cerebrate biogenic migration of nitrogen , phosphorus , grand , calcium , and other items that fall into the purpose and use it on plants.\nBetween all components of the biological community is set original dynamic counterbalance . Increase the number of some types of organisms do mass outbreaks consumers. then , mass engender of rodents leads to an increase in the number of predators and parasites. They slenderise the size of the universe of discourse of rodents. This results in diminution the number of predators because they lack food, dynamic equilibrium is restored in biocenosis. such variation of populations are called population quivers or waves of flavor. There are non seasonal worker and seasonal waves of tone . Off-season waves of li fe are caused by various environmental factors ( biotic , abiotic and anthropogenic : Human activities , intensifier breeding of predators or parasites , etc.). Seasonal population characteristics of a wave is the result of life ( cyclical ripening ) or seasonal climatic conditions.